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Acanthoic acid is a pimaradiene diterpene isolated from Acanthopanax koreanum with anti-inflammatory activities. Acanthoic acid downregulates LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production in BALF, attenuates lung histopathologic changes, and inhibits inflammatory cytokines by stopping IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production and NF-κB activation in LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages.