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Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a pivotal cell-surface receptor primarily found on microglia in the brain and macrophages in peripheral tissues. Acting as a lipid and amyloid-beta sensor, it signals through the adapter protein DAP12 to regulate immune responses, cell survival, and phagocytosis. In neurobiology, TREM2 is a major focus because its dysfunction is strongly linked to Alzheimer’s disease progression and impaired clearance of neurotoxic plaques.