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MMAF (Monomethyl auristatin F) is an auristatin-derived microtubule inhibitor. With a mechanism of action similar to MMAE, it inhibits tumor cell proliferation by interfering with microtubule dynamics, yet exhibits superior water solubility and plasma stability with lower off-target toxicity. As a cytotoxic payload for ADCs, it is suitable for developing anti-tumor ADCs for MMAE-resistant cases or those requiring reduced systemic toxicity.