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C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), also known as RANTES, is a target gene of NF-kappaB, and is expressed by T lymphocytes, macrophages, platelets, synovial fibroblasts, tubular epithelium, and certain types of tumour cells. CCL5 plays a role in recruiting a variety of leukocytes into inflammatory sites including T cells, macrophages, eosinophils, and basophils. CCL5 activity is mediated through its binding to CCR1, CCR3, and mainly CCR5.