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NY-ESO-1 is one of the most recognized tumor antigens in immunotherapy. Its expression is strictly limited to male germ cells and multiple malignant tumor cells, with virtually no presence in normal somatic cells. This unique expression profile makes it an ideal target for T-cell receptor (TCR) therapy. NY-ESO-1 specific TCR can bind to NY-ESO-1 peptides presented by MHC molecules, and clinical trials have demonstrated significant efficacy of NY-ESO-1 targeted TCR-T therapy in advanced sarcomas and other malignancies.