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In humans, mutations of the gene encoding the homeobox transcription factor Nkx2.5 result in electrical conduction defects and morphological abnormalities of the heart (Dupays et al., 2005). In the heart, Nkx2.5 is expressed in both the myocardium and the endocardium. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to Nkx2.5-positive cardiomyocytes is facilitated by Wnt11.